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Phylogenetic relationships within the Gobius-lineage (Gobiidae)
Slámová, Tereza ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Tougard, Christelle (referee)
Gobiidae is one of the largest families of teleost fishes with nearly 2000 species currently recognized. They have a worldwide distribution with exception of Arctic and Antarctic areas, inhabiting marine, brackish and freshwaters. Mostly, they are small-sized and live inconspicuously on the bottom. Their phylogeny has been studied only partially. In Europe, three independent lineages of gobies exist (Gobius-, Aphia- and Pomatoschistus-lineage), most of the species of these lineages are marine. In this work, I performed a multilocus study of the Gobius-lineage encompassing the majority of the species. Mitochondrial (cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase I) as well as nuclear (rhodopsin and recombination activating gene) markers were used. 480 individuals of 30 species were analyzed in the laboratory and sequences of further 25 - 32 species were downloaded from the Genbank and added to a dataset of each marker according to availability. Mitochondrial markers were more informative than the nuclear ones. The usefulness of cytochrome c oxidase I for studying phylogenetic relationships of gobies was compared with cytochrome b. Cytochrome c oxidase I showed to be useful for identification of the species, but has some limitations in resolving deeper phylogenetic relationships in gobies. Cytochrome b showed...
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Evolutionary relationships within genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) with emphasis on Greece, and biogeography of Greek lineages
Kyralová, Eva ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Kalous, Lukáš (referee)
Evolutionary relationships between Barbus species have been already studied in the past, but most of the studies were based only on mitochondrial DNA, there is no detailed study based on nuclear markers. This is mainly due to the fact that Barbus species are tetraploid. The western part of Greece has been studied insufficiently, and moreover a greater diversity of freshwater ichthyofauna is expected here. Greece is one of the hotspots of biodiversity. Greek river system is characterized by a significant proportion of endemic species of freshwater fishes. In this work evolutionary relationships between Barbus species were studied, with focus on diversity of Greek lineages. The geographical distribution of Barbus species has been also revised. In total, 192 individuals were analyzed, 156 individuals were from 40 Greek localities and another 36 Barbus species were from other areas of distribution of the genus. Dataset was supplemented with avaible published sequences. For the phylogenetic analysis mitochondrial gene cytochrom b, 1st intron of ribosomal protein gene S7 and 2nd intron of gene beta-actin were used. For both nuclear markers paralog-specific primers were used. The analysis of cytochrom b revealed several well-supported lines: 1. species of southwestern Mediterranean (B. meridionalis and B....
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Bee phylogeny (Hymenoptera, Anthophila)
Jindrová, Lenka ; Straka, Jakub (advisor) ; Astapenková, Alena (referee)
As a result of a new methods and a mount and availability of molecular data, we changed our understanding of phylogeny of many groups, of course the phylogeny of bees too. In the past, only the morphological data were used to find out the relationships between taxa. Today, we use molecular data, which can be combined with morphological knowledges. Because of using the molecular biology methods, we can solve the relationships among taxa more precisely. This work summarizes present view on phylogeny bees with a look at history of bee classification and evolution of some characters, for example host plant specialization and more. The position of bees in the superfamily Apoidea is also described in this work
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